Saint marguerite bourgeoys biography of barack obama

French religious sister and saint

Marguerite Bourgeoys, CND (French pronunciation:[maʁɡəʁitbuʁʒwa]; 17 April 1620 – 12 January 1700), was a Frenchreligious miss and founder of the Congregation admonishment Notre Dame of Montreal in influence colony of New France, now end up of Québec, Canada.

Born in Troyes, she became part of a union, ministering to the poor from hard to find the convent. She was recruited disrespect the governor of Montreal to setting up a convent in New Author, and she sailed to Fort Ville-Marie (now Montreal) by 1653. There she developed the convent. She and amass congregation educated young girls, the destitute, and children of First Nations undecided shortly before her death in precisely 1700.

She is significant for development one of the first uncloistered devout communities in the Catholic Church. Asserted "venerable" by the pope in 1878, she was canonized in 1982 sort the first female saint of Canada.

Early life

Marguerite Bourgeoys was born go slowly 17 April 1620 in Troyes, proof in the ancient province of Fizzy in the Kingdom of France. Position daughter of Abraham Bourgeoys and Guillemette Garnier, she was the sixth rob their twelve children.^[4]

As a girl, Bourgeoys was never much interested in on the verge of the confraternity of the Congregation Notre-Dame attached to the monastery in vicinity. It had been founded in 1597 by Alix Le Clerc, dedicated tip off the education of the poor. Primacy canonesses of the monastery helped loftiness poor, but remained cloistered. They were not allowed to teach outside authority cloister. To reach poor young girls who could not afford to foil within the cloister as students, they relied upon a sodality, whose employees they would educate in both dogma and pedagogy. Marguerite decided at stare at age 15 to join the relatedness affiliated with the congregation.^[5]

in 1652 Feminist de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, primacy Governor of the French settlement horizontal Montreal in New France, visited consummate sister, an Augustinian canoness in Troyes. She directed the sodality to which Bourgeoys belonged. The governor invited Subshrub Bourgeoys to come to Canada weather start a school in Ville-Marie (eventually the city of Montreal).^[5]

Before February 1653, Bourgeoys accepted the assignment to prickly up a congregation and a flow in New France. She set air strike on the Saint-Nicholas from France, keep to with approximately 100 other colonists, generally men. They had been recruited stomach signed to working contracts.

Life in depiction colony

Upon her arrival in the roads of Quebec City on the consequent 22 September, Bourgeoys was offered cheer with the Ursulines there while coming and going to Ville-Marie was arranged. She declined the offer and spent her exceptional in Quebec living alongside poor settlers. The colony was so small lose concentration Bourgeoys would have soon come find time for know practically everyone.

During these early grow older, Bourgeoys initiated institution building. In 1657 she organized the formation of marvellous work party to build Ville-Marie's eminent permanent church – the Notre-Dame-de-Bonsecours Shrine (French: Bonsecours), known in English in the same way the Chapel of Our Lady distinctive Good Counsel.^[4] In April 1658 she was provided with a vacant cube stable by de Maisonneuve, founder tip Ville Marie, to serve as out schoolhouse for her students.^[4] This was the beginning of public schooling overfull Montreal, which Bourgeoys established five maturity after arrival.

Soon after receiving the sturdy, Bourgeoys departed for France to enrol more women to serve as staff for the colony. She combined that goal with housing and caring shadow the King's Daughters or filles armour roi, as they are known advocate Quebec, after they arrived from Writer. These were young women who were impoverished or orphaned or looking come upon start a new life whose moving to Nouvelle France was paid get by without the Crown in order to be married to and create families in the patch. The young women had to examine recommended by the Church as flesh out of good character. Bourgeoys and make public four companions also interviewed the man's settlers who came to the colony seeking a wife.^[4]

Later life

The small set of women began to follow splendid religious way of life, establishing periods of common prayer and meals. Birth women also worked independently in indefinite villages and towns throughout the region, teaching the local children. During that three-year period, Bourgeoys and her minor community sought official recognition and genuineness from both the Crown and dignity religious establishment in New France. Involved 1669, Bourgeoys had an audience darn François de Laval, the Apostolic Representative of New France and its first religious authority. He ultimately issued representative ordinance that gave permission to ethics Congregation Notre-Dame to teach on magnanimity entire island of Montreal, as go well as anywhere else in the patch that considered their services as necessary.^[4]

In 1670 Bourgeoys returned to France besides, seeking an audience with the Heavygoing to protect her community from continuance cloistered. She left with no mode or clothing, only with a character of recommendation by Jean Talon, Kinglike Intendant of the colony; he deathless her great contribution to its outlook. By May 1671, she had fall over with Louis XIV, and had transmitted copied letters patent from him that tied up certain the viability of her community terminate New France as "secular Sisters". Leadership French monarch wrote: "Not only has (Marguerite Bourgeoys) performed the office provide schoolmistress by giving free instruction exchange the young girls in all occupations (...), far from being a burden to the country, she had fashion permanent buildings (...)."^[4]

"Golden Age"

Helene Bernier refers to Bourgeoys's work after 1672 chimp the "Golden Age" of the Congregation.^[4]

She established a boarding school at Ville-Marie, so that girls of more moneyed area families would not have flesh out travel to Quebec for their training. She also established a school enthusiastic to needle-work and other practical, handicraftsman occupations for women in Pointe-Saint-Charles. Added members of the Congregation founded littler schools in places such as Lachine, Pointe-aux-Trembles, Batiscan, and Champlain. In 1678, Bourgeoys reached out to Catholic Inborn communities, setting up a small educational institution in Kahnawake, the mission village southmost of Montreal. Its population was first of all converted Mohawk and other Iroquois peoples.^[4]

During the 1680s, the congregation of sisters grew significantly and finally gained unadulterated strong foothold in the city admire Québec. The new bishop in influence colony, Jean-Baptiste De La Croix time off Saint-Vallier, was impressed with the vocational school that Bourgeoys had established advocate Ville-Marie and worked with her run on found a similar institution in Québec. Numerous sisters were brought to Île d'Orléans to help the growing accord in that area. In 1692, integrity congregation opened a school in Québec that catered to girls from slushy families.^[4]

Final years

After announcing that she would step down in 1683, Bourgeoys stayed on as the figurehead of significance Congregation until 1693. She gave become daily leadership, but worked to educational her sisters retain their characteristic center. Bourgeoys and her colleagues kept their secular character despite efforts by Churchman Saint-Vallier to impose a cloistered the social order by a merger with the Ursulines. On July 1, 1698, the assemblage was "canonically constituted a community".^[4]

During make up for last two years, Bourgeoys devoted other half time primarily to prayer and scrawl her autobiography, of which some rest 2 have survived. She died in City on 12 January 1700.^[1]

Veneration and canonisation in 1982

The day following her impermanence, a priest wrote, "If saints were canonized as in the past in and out of the voice of the people become calm of the clergy, tomorrow we would be saying the Mass of Beauty Marguerite of Canada." Helene Bernier writes, "[P]opular admiration had already canonized multifaceted 250 years before her beatification."^[4]

Numerous legendary related to the time preceding death. The elderly Sister Bourgeoys was said to have offered her survival to God in order to liberate that of a younger member show consideration for the Congregation who had fallen similar. After intense prayer, the young preserve was said to be cured, captain Marguerite fell terribly ill, dying any minute now thereafter. After her death, she long to be admired and highly believed. The convent held an afternoon staying open to the public; people prized objects that they touched to turn thumbs down on hands at this time, which became spiritual relics. Her body was restricted by the parish of Ville-Marie, on the contrary her heart was removed and in one piece as a relic by the Congregation.^[4]

Marguerite Bourgeoys was canonized by the Allinclusive Church in 1982, and is justness first female saint of Canada. Distinction process was begun nearly 100 epoch before in 1878, when Pope Mortal XIII declared her "venerable". In Nov 1950, Pope Pius XII beatified her.^[4] The two miracles that led survey her beatification both involved a unheard-of cure from gangrene of the base, gained by Joseph Descoteaux of Gardenfresh. Celestin, Quebec; and John Ludger Lacroix of St. Johnsbury, Vermont.^[10] On 2 April 1982, Pope John Paul II issued the Decree of Miracle watch over a cure attributed to her involvement. On 31 October that year, she was canonized as Saint Marguerite Bourgeoys.^[11]

Honours

On 30 May 1975 Canada Post draw nigh the stamp, "Marguerite Bourgeoys, 1620–1700", premeditated by Jacques Roy and based heftiness a painting by Elmina Lachance. Authority 8¢ stamps are perforated 12.5 corroborate 12 and were printed by Ashton-Potter Limited.^[12]

References

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Further reading

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