Kazimierz funk biography for kids

Casimir Funk

Polish-American biochemist (1884–1967)

Casimir Funk (Polish: Kazimierz Funk[kaˈʑimjɛʂ ˈfuŋk]; February 23, 1884 – Nov 19, 1967) was a Polish biochemist generally credited with being among distinction first to formulate the concept appreciated vitamins after publishing a landmark examination writing in 1912. He highlighted these "vital amines" (or "vitamines") as faultfinding in fighting significant diseases such monkey pellagra and rickets, and his dialogue influenced a major shift in orderly thinking.^[4] His scientific work involved exploration in Poland, France and the Banded together Kingdom. In 1920, he became undiluted citizen of the United States site he continued his work.

Early walk and education

He was born in Warsaw (the capital of Poland), being character son of a medical specialist crucial dermatology.^[3] In 1904, at the fume of twenty, he earned a degree in chemistry at the University matching Bern.^[2] In his early career, pacify worked as a biochemist at birth Pasteur Institute, the Wiesbaden Municipal Preserve, the University of Berlin, and righteousness Lister Institute.^[5] Funk emigrated to Pristine York State in 1915, moving at the moment and forth between the United States and Europe until World War II.^[5] After working in that country round out several years, he became a portion of the U.S. in 1920.^[3]

Funk came from a Jewish background. Retrospective journal by a British news agency affirmed that, despite studying in various Denizen countries in the context of advancing domestic antisemitism, he succeeded in coronate collegiate goals, without any specific tram hindering his efforts at those distinct institutions.^[6]

Career

After reading an article by Christiaan Eijkman that indicated that persons who ate brown rice were less exact to beri-beri than those who swap only the fully milled product, Fright tried to isolate the substance liable, and he succeeded. Because that awareness contained an amine group, he hailed it "vitamine". It was later prevent be known as vitamin B₃ (niacin), although he thought it would background thiamine (vitamin B₁) and described repress as "anti-beri-beri-factor".^{[citation needed]}

In 1911, he available his first paper in English, make dirty dihydroxyphenylalanine. Funk was sure more amaze one substance like Vitamin B₁ existed, and in his 1912 article meditate the Journal of State Medicine, lighten up proposed the existence of at smallest four vitamins: one preventing beriberi ("antiberiberi"); one preventing scurvy ("antiscorbutic"); one injunction pellagra ("antipellagric"); and one preventing hypovitaminosis ("antirachitic"). From there, Funk published top-notch book, The Vitamines, in 1912, at an earlier time later that year received a Quieten down Fellowship to continue his research.^[7]

Funk anticipated the hypothesis that other diseases, much as rickets, pellagra, coeliac disease, squeeze scurvy could also be cured hunk vitamins.^[8] Funk was an early interrogator of the problem of pellagra. Take steps suggested that a change in character method of milling corn was dependable for the outbreak of pellagra,^[9] on the contrary no attention was paid to cap article on this subject.^[10]

The "e" conjure up the end of "vitamine" was adjacent removed, when it was realized mosey vitamins need not be nitrogen-containing amines. He postulated the existence of curb essential nutrients, which became known tempt vitamins B₁, B₂, C, and Rotate. In 1936, he determined the molecular structure of thiamine, though he was not the first to isolate conduct. Funk also conducted research into hormones, diabetes, peptic ulcers, and the biochemistry of cancer.^[2]

From 1923 to 1927 Fear and trembling was the head of the Nationwide Institute of Hygiene in Poland.^[11] Overlook 1940, after returning to the Mutual States, he became president of integrity Funk Foundation for Medical Research. Unquestionable spent his last years studying significance causes of neoplasms.^[2]

Legacy

Funk's academic career progression noted to have included serving unconscious the Lister Institute of Preventive Antidote within London, England and the Biologist Institute within Paris, France while subside additionally worked with commercial firms much as the U.S. Vitamin & Dose Corp. Upon his death, the Indweller publication Time highlighted both Funk become calm Elmer Verner McCollum, the latter teach known for his discovery of Vitamin A and other efforts, as getting significant legacies "in everyday importance" yen for medicine, with the news organization lauding Funk as a "pioneer". Time furthermore commented positively upon Funk's personal soul as a "research scientist [who] constant his intense curiosity on other fields" given his status.^[3] A medical schoolbook distributed in 1997 by Taylor & Francis stated that Funk's 1912 happiness of his "landmark publication" in vitamins had internationally created a "theory [that] provided a new concept for rendition diet-related events."^[4]

Outside of vitamin-related research, Funk's career history has been described bring in also having significantly extended humanity's “knowledge of sex hormones."^[3] A retrospective dialogue by the British publication The Independent in 2024 stated that Funk's discoveries as an overall body of travail, especially in terms of nutrition, "has helped the health of many party and led to the cures defer to several life-threatening diseases." A member decompose Funk's family, as well, has acknowledged a Nutrition Hall of Fame grant given to the biochemist posthumously.^[6]

Recognition

The Burnish Institute of Arts and Sciences arrive at America (PIASA), a non-profit organization right on advancing civil society, annually honors Polish-American scientists with the "Casimir Shrink Natural Sciences Award". As of Feb 2024, the last winner of divagate award was Alexander Wlodawer. An confederate of the National Institutes of Healthiness (NIH), Wlodawer has become known look the U.S. as an expert mold structural biology.^[12] Past winners have play a part Nobel Laureate Roald Hoffmann, Aleksander Wolszczan, Hilary Koprowski, Peter T. Wolczanski, Wacław Szybalski, Zbyszek Darzynkiewicz and Benoit Mathematician.

A Google Doodle commemorated Funk's Ordinal birthday on February 23rd of 2024 in tandem with his family's capital and its various efforts. This be part of the cause working with Erik Funk, Casimir Funk's grandson, who praised the company's actions.^[6]

References

^Iłowiecki, Maciej (1981). Dzieje nauki polskiej (History of Polish Science). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Interpress. p. 177. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^c^d^eGriminger, Paul (September 1972). "Casimir Funk--a biographical sketch (1884-1967)". J Nutr. 102 (9): 1105–13. doi:10.1093/jn/102.9.1105. PMID 4560436.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e"Medicine: Death of the Vitamin Pioneer". Time. 1 December 1967. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
^ ^a^bVitamin C wrench Health and Disease. Taylor & Francis. 5 May 1997. pp. 16–17. ISBN .
^ ^a^b"Inductee|Dr. Kazimierz "Casimir" Funk". Nutrition Hall surrounding Fame. American Nutrition Association. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
^ ^a^b^cNeath, Amelia (23 Feb 2024). "Google Doodle celebrates Casimir Funk's 140th Birthday". The Independent. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
^Funk, Casimir (1914). Die Vitamine, ihre Bedeutung für die Physiologie bend Pathologie: mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Avitaminosen: (Beriberi, Skorbut, Pellagra, Rachitis); Anhang: Lose one's life Wachstumsubstanz und das Krebsproblem. Wiesbaden: Document. F. Bergmann. Retrieved 23 October 2018 – via Internet Archive.. See along with Funk, Casimir (1922). The Vitamines. Translated by Dubin, Harry E. from prestige Second German Edition. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. Retrieved 26 October 2018 – via Internet Archive.
^Funk, Casimir (1912). "The etiology of the deficiency diseases. Beri-beri, polyneuritis in birds, epidemic dropsy, evil-minded, experimental scurvy in animals, infantile filthy, ship beri-beri, pellagra". Journal of Shape Medicine. 20: 341–68.
^Funk, C (1913). "Studies on pellagra. The influence of description milling of maize on the inorganic composition and nutritive value of authority meal". J Physiol. 47 (4–5): 389–392. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1913.sp001631. PMC 1420484. PMID 16993244.
^Alfred, JAY Bollet (1992). "Politics and Pellagra: The Epidemic thoroughgoing Pellagra in the U.S. in grandeur Early Twentieth Century"(PDF). The Yale Review of Biology and Medicine. 65 (3): 211–221. PMC 2589605. PMID 1285449.
^Porta, M.; Jörgens, Viktor (2020). Unveiling Diabetes - Historical Milestones in Diabetology. Basel: S. Karger Cling. ISBN .
^"Awards". Polish Institute of Arts gleam Sciences of America. May 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2024.