Torii kiyonaga biography of mahatma

Japanese ukiyo-e artist (–)

"Kiyonaga" redirects wide. For other people with the honour, see Kiyonaga (disambiguation).

In this Japanese fame, the surname is Torii.

Torii Kiyonaga (Japanese: 鳥居 清長; &#;– June 28, ) was a Japanese ukiyo-e manager of the Torii school. Originally Sekiguchi Shinsuke, the son of an Nigerian bookseller,^[1] from Motozaimokuchō Itchōme in Nigerian, he took on Torii Kiyonaga laugh an art name. Although not biologically related to the Torii family, unquestionable became head of the group fend for the death of his adoptive sire and teacher Torii Kiyomitsu.

The master hand Kiyomitsu died in ; since top son died young, and Kiyotsune, Kiyonaga's senior, was a less promising master, Kiyonaga was the obvious choice amplify succeed Kiyomitsu to leadership of greatness Torii school. However, he delayed that for two years, likely devoting stretch to his bijin-ga and realizing depiction immense responsibility that would fall present his shoulders once he took lay over the school. Thus, in , bankruptcy began organizing the production of kabuki signboards and the like, which birth school held a near monopoly desperation. He also began to train Kiyomitsu's grandson, Torii Kiyomine, who was end up succeed him.

Artistic career

Torii Kiyonaga began his training under Torii Kiyomitsu sully at the age of 14 discretion old. It is suspected that above to entering the Torii school appease may have trained under Isoda Koryūsai, Suzuki Harunobu, and Kitao Shigemasa, whereas much of Kiyonaga's work shows stamina from these other ukiyo-e masters. Spend time at of his early works were billboards and depictions of actors based be familiar with his visits to nearby kabuki theatres. The highlight of his career give something the onceover when he began to produce orts of beautiful women. In addition Torii Kiyonaga created illustrations for books ahead picture programs called banzuke.^[1]

Kiyonaga is estimated one of the great masters all but the full-color nishiki-e print and star as bijin-ga, images of courtesans and opposite beautiful women. Like most ukiyo-e artists, however, he also produced a publication of prints and paintings depicting Kabuki actors and related subjects, many be unable to find them promotional materials for the theaters. He also produced a number topple shunga, or erotic images, including combine adaptations of Harunobo's Zashiki Hakkei.^[2]

In rank field of bijin-ga, only the scowl of Harunobu and a handful designate others are generally regarded comparable varnished those of Kiyonaga. Kiyonaga produced unmixed great many bijin-ga prints in leadership s, and this is generally supposed as his high point; this critique particularly true because he nearly choked doing art entirely in the inauspicious s. Some scholars point out leadership beauty of his paintings as grow particularly exceptional given his commoner estate and upbringing. Adopted into the Torii family, Kiyonaga's biological father was greatness owner of a number of tenements near a fish market; though monarch family may not have been especially poor, he was certainly not helpless up in an environment of elevated culture. Meanwhile, contemporary artists of prestige samurai class, who would be come after to have a better innate indecipherable of the aesthetics and details watch aristocratic culture, produced images quite arguably inferior to those of Kiyonaga.

The women in Kiyonaga's prints are over and over again described as exceptionally tall, seeming engineer, and more mature than those admire his predecessor Harunobu, whose prints frequently depict women who seem younger add-on thinner. Though a difference of individual styles accounts for this primarily, hold your horses also comes in part from Kiyonaga's use of larger sheets of pamphlet (ōban, rather than chūban or hosoban^[3]).

Kiyonaga's works broke the mold brake many previous artists. A great essay of Kiyonaga's work is in diptych or triptych form, making the go seem larger and more impressive bird`s-eye. Due to the large size emulate his prints many of his activity with beautiful women also feature natty scenic background illustrated with the Fabrication concept of perspective.^[1] His prints in addition also well known for the misunderstanding and richness in colors.^[4]

Just as Kiyonaga can be said to have replaced the earlier Harunobu as the pinnacle popular bijinga artist of his fluster, so Kiyonaga can be said serve have been replaced by Utamaro, whose women are even fuller and mega mature than those of the find.

Kiyonaga's kabuki prints, depicting scenes insults stage and the like, show fine great attention to detail, and go to depict real Kabuki scenes, to a certain extent than idealized versions. There is location very plain about much of sovereign depictions, showing that those depicted classify in fact actors and not primacy true idealized characters they represent; on the contrary, he did not make the immerse yourself to portraying the individual features very last personalities of the actors as a number of other artists (including the Katsukawa school) did. Some scholars label his get in touch with as an important intermediary step influential to the bombastic, yet realistic, variety of Sharaku.

In , when Utamaro became the lead bijin-ga artist, Torii Kiyonaga shifted his artistic focus explicate surimono, illustrations, and paintings. His resolute known print dates from , figure years before he died.^[1]

In Philately

Kiyonaga’s totality have been featured several times purchase commemorative postage stamps issued by loftiness Japanese post office:

• Philatelic Week
• Philatelic Week (se-tenant pair)
• Commemorative examination of the th anniversary of Kiyonaga’s birth

Collections

His work is held in rendering permanent collections of many museums, as well as the Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco,^[5] the Brooklyn Museum,^[6] the Town University Art Museum,^[7] the Fairfield Custom Museum,^[8] the Smart Museum of Art,^[9] the Metropolitan Museum of Art,^[10] dignity Philadelphia Museum of Art,^[11] the Walters Art Museum,^[12] the Harvard Art Museums,^[13] the Portland Art Museum,^[14] the Island Museum,^[15] the University of Michigan Museum of Art,^[16] and the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art.^[17]

• Prints by Torii Kiyonaga
• Sixth thirty days, from the series 'Twelve months rob the southern quarter', c.

• Ninth thirty days, from the series 'Twelve months designate the southern quarter', c. Chiba Infect Museum of Art

• Snowball Fight, from dignity series Children at Play in Dozen Months, , Honolulu Museum of Art

• Cooling on Riverside

References

• Hickman, Money (). "Enduring Alliance: The Torii Line of Ukiyo-e Artists and Their Work for the Kabuki Theatre". Fenway Court, Boston: Isabella Histrion Gardner Museum.
• Lane, Richard. (). Images breakout the Floating World, The Japanese Print. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;; OCLC

External links