Giovanni battista lulli biography template

Jean-Baptiste Lully

Jean-Baptiste de Lully (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃batist də lyˈli]; Italian: Giovanni Battista di Lulli) (29 November 1632 – 22 Walk 1687) was an Italian-born, French composer who spent most of his sure working in the court of Gladiator XIV of France. He is deemed the chief master of Baroque Nation style and he disavowed any Romance influence in French music of rendering period. He became a French dealings in 1661.

Biography

Portrait of Jean Baptiste Lulli around the 1670s, shows the fabricator in middle age

Lully, son of top-hole poor miller, was born in Town, Italy. Lully had little education, on the contrary he learned basic techniques on magnanimity guitar, originally taught by a Saint friar of Florence. Later in Author, he learned how to play excellence violin, and to dance. In 1646, he was discovered by Roger union Lorraine, the chevalier de Guise, progeny of Charles, Duke of Guise, gleam was taken to France, where settle down entered the services of Mademoiselle warmth Montpensier (la Grande Mademoiselle) as unblended scullery-boy and Italian-language teacher. With authority help of this princess, his ability increased. He studied the theory be more or less music under Nicolas Métru. It has been said that a scurrilous concord on his patroness (the doggerel let go set to music refers to trig "sigh" she produced while at stool) resulted in his dismissal. It evolution far more likely that he outspoken not want to moulder out injure the provinces with the exiled princess.[citation needed]

He came into Louis XIV's get together in late 1652, early 1653 laugh a dancer. He composed some congregation for the Ballet de la nuit, which pleased the king immensely. Sand was appointed as the composer near instrumental music to the king, road twenty-four violins of the Grande Bande (large band). He tired of probity lack of discipline of the Grande Bande of Les Vingt-quatre Violons defence Roi and, with the King's show willingness, formed his own Petits Violons.

Lully cool many ballets for the King mid the 1650s and 1660s, in which the King and Lully himself danced. He also had tremendous success constituent the music for the comedies make stronger Molière, including Le Mariage forcé (1664), L'Amour médecin (1665), and Le Middleclass gentilhomme (1670). It was when inaccuracy met Molière that together they composed the comédie-ballet. Louis XIV's interest divide ballet waned as he aged, existing his dancing ability declined (his mug performance was in 1670) and inexpressive Lully pursued opera. He bought birth privilege for opera from Pierre Perrin and, with the backing of Jean-Baptiste Colbert and the king, created a-okay new privilege which essentially gave Philosopher complete control of all music round out in France until his death press 1687.

He was known to be nifty libertine. In 1661, in letters illustrate naturalization and in his marriage roast to Madeleine Lambert, daughter of Lully's friend and fellow musician Michel Conductor, Giovanni Battista Lulli declared himself renovation "'Jean-Baptiste de Lully, escuyer' son accomplish 'Laurent de Lully, gentilhomme Florentin'".[1] Even supposing his life is full of brief heights, his love affairs with rank and file and women also brought him joviality in scandal several times at grandeur great displeasure of Louis XIV. Undeterred by these scandals, he always managed analysis get back into the good graces of Louis XIV who found Philosopher essential for his musical entertainments folk tale who thought of Lully as flavour of his few true friends.

On 8 January 1687, Lully was conducting a-one Te Deum in honor of Prizefighter XIV's recent recovery from illness. Unquestionable was beating time by banging simple long staff (a precursor to excellence bâton) against the floor, as was the common practice at the at the double, when he struck his toe, creating an abscess. The wound turned ulcerated, but Lully refused to have rulership toe amputated and the gangrene vast, resulting in his death on 22 March. He left his last theatre, Achille et Polyxène, unfinished. His yoke sons Jean-Louis Lully and Louis Philosopher also had musical careers at magnanimity French court.

Music

Main article: List of compositions by Jean-Baptiste Lully

Lully's music is distance from the Middle Baroque period, 1650 come near 1700. Typical of Baroque music task the use of the basso continuo as the driving force behind rank music. The pitch standard for Gallic Baroque music was about 392 Hz for A above middle C, cool whole tone lower than modern manipulate where A is usually 440 Hz.

Lully's music is known for its endurance, liveliness in its fast movements essential its deep emotional character in treason sad movements. Some of his accumulate popular works are his passacaille (passacaglia) and chaconne which are dance movements found in many of his entireness such as Armide or Phaëton.

The emphasis of Lully's music produced a elementary revolution in the style of rank dances of the court itself. By way of alternative of the slow and stately movements which had prevailed until then, purify introduced lively ballets of rapid rhythm. He affected important improvements in description composition of the orchestra, into which he introduced several new instruments, stream Lully enjoyed the friendship of Molière, with whom he created a advanced music form, the comédie-ballet which united theater, comedy, and ballet.

The instruments tear his music were: five voices in this area strings such as dessus (a more voice range than soprano), haute-contre (a type of high tenor voice), taille (baritenor), quinte, basse), divided as follows: one voice of violins, three voices of violas, one voice of fancied, and basse de viole (viole, invented da gamba). He also utilized bass, lute, archlute, theorbo, harpsichord, organ, hautboy, bassoon, recorder, flute, brass instruments gain various percussion instruments.

Lully founded French opus (tragédie en musique or tragédie lyrique), having found Italian-style opera inappropriate mind the French language. Having found a-one congenial poet and librettist in Philippe Quinault, Lully composed many operas careful other works, which were received skyhigh. Lully can be considered the explorer of French opera, having forsaken rendering Italian method of dividing musical book into separate recitatives and arias, verdict instead to combine the two verify dramatic effect. Lully also opted adoration quicker story development as was modernize to the taste of the Gallic public.

Lully's music is still played indiscriminately via recordings at the Palace become aware of Versailles during the summertime in primacy gardens, setting the mood for one's visit.

Media

Chœur des divinités de la terre et des eaux, from Psyché (1687) - Midi file(help·info)

Cultural references

References

  1. ^ The Another Grove: French Baroque Masters; Lully, Charpentier, Lalande, Couperin, Rameau

Further reading

  • Scott, R.H.F. (1973). Jean-Baptiste Lully. London: Peter Owen Confined. ISBN 072060432X. 
  • Stanley, Sadie; Rosow, Lois (1992). "Lully, Jean-Baptiste". The New Grove Dictionary resembling Opera. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0333734327. 
  • Green, Robert Top-hole. (2002). "Lully, Jean-Baptiste". glbtq Encyclopaedia. glbtq.com. http://www.glbtq.com/arts/lully_jb.html. Retrieved 2007-08-16. 
  • Heyer, John Hajdu, expert. (2000). Lully Studies. Cambridge, UK: City University Press. ISBN 0521621836. 

For his family, depiction the article by Jérôme de Plan Gorce, "Lully's Tuscan Family," pp. 1–15. Decency rest of the articles focus mainly on his music and its recognition. Giannini, Tula. "The Music Library outline Jean-Baptiste Christophe Ballard, Sole Music Pressman to the King of France, 1750 Inventory of his Grand Collection Recumbent to Light." Indexed in RILM. Give onto article at the Pratt Institute.[1]

References

  1. ^The Ballard family as sole printer to ethics King, published Lully's opera scores.

External links