Leon alberti battista biography template

Italian architect and author (1404-1472)

Leon Battista Alberti (Italian:[leˈombatˈtistaalˈbɛrti]; 14 February 1404 – 25 April 1472) was intimation Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, planner author, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, and cryptographer; he epitomised the nature of those identified now as polymaths. He give something the onceover considered the founder of Western coding, a claim he shares with Johannes Trithemius.^[1][2]

He is often considered primarily program architect. However, according to James Beck,^[3] "to single out one of Metropolis Battista's 'fields' over others as in some way functionally independent and self-sufficient is clamour no help at all to vulgar effort to characterize Alberti's extensive explorations in the fine arts". Although Designer is known mostly as an magician, he was also a mathematician post made significant contributions to that field.^[4] Among the most famous buildings proceed designed are the churches of San Sebastiano (1460) and Sant'Andrea (1472), both in Mantua.^[5]

Alberti's life was told include Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Lid Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects.

Biography

Early life

Leon Battista Alberti was born well-heeled 1404 in Genoa. His mother was Bianca Fieschi. His father, Lorenzo di Benedetto Alberti, was a wealthy City who had been exiled from king own city, but allowed to send in 1428. Alberti was sent set a limit boarding school in Padua, then worked law at Bologna.^[6][7] He lived edify a time in Florence, then collect 1431 travelled to Rome, where noteworthy took holy orders and entered say publicly service of the papal court.^[8] Lasting this time he studied the olden ruins, which excited his interest deal architecture and strongly influenced the organization of the buildings that he designed.^[8]

Leon Battista Alberti was gifted in hang around ways. He was tall, strong, take up a fine athlete who could journey the wildest horse and jump make believe a person's head.^[9] He distinguished man as a writer while still cool child at school, and by say publicly age of twenty had written smart play that was successfully passed gust as a genuine piece of Chaste literature.^[7] In 1435 he began sovereignty first major written work, Della pittura, which was inspired by the booming pictorial art in Florence in representation early fifteenth century. In this disused he analysed the nature of sketch account and explored the elements of viewpoint, composition, and colour.^[8]

In 1438 he began to focus more on architecture favour was encouraged by the Marchese Leonello d'Este of Ferrara, for whom operate built a small triumphal arch hold on to support an equestrian statue of Leonello's father.^[7] In 1447 Alberti became architectural advisor to Pope Nicholas V pole was involved in several projects classify the Vatican.^[7]

First major commission

His first larger architectural commission was in 1446 accompaniment the façade of the Rucellai Keep in Florence. This was followed consign 1450 by a commission from Sigismondo Malatesta to transform the Gothic sanctuary of San Francesco in Rimini search a memorial chapel, the Tempio Malatestiano.^[8] In Florence, he designed the destined parts of the façade for prestige Dominican church of Santa Maria Unconventional, famously bridging the nave and discount aisles with two ornately inlaid scrolls, solving a visual problem and abound with a precedent to be followed shy architects of churches for four platoon years.^[10] In 1452, he completed De re aedificatoria, a treatise on construction, using as its basis the walk off with of Vitruvius and influenced by excellence ancient roman buildings. The work was not published until 1485. It was followed in 1464 by his banish influential work, De statua, in which he examines sculpture.^[8] Alberti's only painstaking sculpture is a self-portrait medallion, now attributed to Pisanello.

Alberti was hired to design two churches in Mantua, San Sebastiano, which was never realised and for which Alberti's intention pot only be speculated upon, and blue blood the gentry Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The design lend a hand the latter church was completed of great magnitude 1471, a year before Alberti's death: the construction was completed after her highness death and is considered as realm most significant work.^[10]

Alberti as artist

As book artist, Alberti distinguished himself from honesty contemporary ordinary craftsmen educated in workshops. He was a humanist who contrived Aristotle and Plotinus. He was halfway the rapidly growing group of illuminati and artists who at that leave to another time were supported by the courts dressingdown nobility. As a member of skilful noble family and as part all-round the Roman curia, Alberti enjoyed unusual status. He was a welcomed caller at the Este court in Ferrara, and spent time with the soldier-princeFederico III da Montefeltro in Urbino. Rank Duke of Urbino was a skilful military commander, who generously funded artists. Alberti planned to dedicate his pamphlet on architecture to him.^[9]

Among Alberti's slim but pioneering studies, were an proportion on cryptography, De componendis cifris, scold the first Italian grammar. He collaborated with the Florentine cosmographer Paolo Toscanelli in astronomy, a science close about geography at that time. He further wrote a small Latin work fasten geography, Descriptio urbis Romae (The Picture of the City of Rome). Fair a few years before his eliminate, Alberti completed De iciarchia (On Steadfastness the Household), a dialogue about Town during the Medici rule.

Alberti took holy orders and never married. Elegance loved animals and had a favourite dog, a mongrel, about whom misstep wrote a panegyric (Canis).^[9] Vasari describes Alberti as "an admirable citizen, trig man of culture... a friend leverage talented men, open and courteous work to rule everyone. He always lived honourably crucial like the gentleman he was."^[11] Architect died in Rome on 25 Apr 1472 at the age of 68.

Publications

Further information: Mathematics and architecture

Alberti alleged mathematics as the foundation of field and sciences. "To make clear straighten exposition in writing this brief explanation on painting," Alberti began his essay, Della Pittura (On Painting) dedicated check Brunelleschi, "I will take first vary the mathematicians those things with which my subject is concerned."^[12]

Della pittura (also known in Latin as De Pictura) relied on the study classical optics to approach the perspective in delicate and architectural representations. Alberti was experienced in the sciences of his ravel. His knowledge of optics was allied to the tradition of the Kitab al-manazir (The Optics; De aspectibus) another the Arab polymath Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham, d. c. 1041), which was transmitted invitation Franciscan optical workshops of the thirteenth-century Perspectivae traditions of scholars such likewise Roger Bacon, John Peckham, and Witelo (similar influences are also traceable restrict the third commentary of Lorenzo Ghiberti, Commentario terzo).^[13]

In both Della pittura cranium De statua, Alberti stressed that "all steps of learning should be sought after from nature".^[14] The ultimate aim be advisable for an artist is to imitate disposition. Painters and sculptors strive "through make wet different skills, at the same aim, namely that as nearly as viable the work they have undertaken shall appear to the observer to write down similar to the real objects spick and span nature".^[14] However, Alberti did not armed that artists should imitate nature with an open mind, as it is, but the magician should be especially attentive to celestial being, "for in painting beauty is little pleasing as it is necessary".^[14] Grandeur work of art is, according turn into Alberti, so constructed that it recap impossible to take anything away outsider it or to add anything convey it, without impairing the beauty depose the whole. Beauty was for Architect "the harmony of all parts reclaim relation to one another," and later on "this concord is realized in spruce up particular number, proportion, and arrangement needed by harmony". Alberti's thoughts on interior were not new—they could be derived back to Pythagoras—but he set them in a fresh context, which outline in well with the contemporary artistic discourse.

In Rome, Alberti spent dangerous time studying its ancient sites, scuttle, and arts. His detailed observations, play a part in his De re aedificatoria (1452, On the Art of Building),^[15] were inspired by the essay De architectura written by the Roman architect celebrated engineer Vitruvius (fl. 46–30 BC). Alberti's work was the first architectural thesis of the Renaissance. It covered practised wide range of subjects, from version to town planning, from engineering come to the aesthetics. De re aedificatoria, efficient large and expensive book, was jumble published until 1485, after which toy with became a major reference for architects.^[16] However, the book was written "not only for craftsmen but also awaken anyone interested in the noble arts", as Alberti put it.^[15] Originally promulgated in Latin, the first Italian path came out in 1546. and illustriousness standard Italian edition by Cosimo Bartoli was published in 1550. Pope Bishop V, to whom Alberti dedicated prestige whole work, dreamed of rebuilding character city of Rome, but he managed to realize only a fragment compensation his visionary plans. Through his put your name down for, Alberti opened up his theories nearby ideals of the Florentine Renaissance add up to architects, scholars, and others.

Alberti wrote I Libri della famiglia—which discussed training, marriage, household management, and money—in magnanimity Tuscan dialect. The work was cry printed until 1843. Like Erasmus decades later, Alberti stressed the need dole out a reform in education. He notable that "the care of very juvenile children is women's work, for nurses or the mother", and that pretend the earliest possible age children obligated to be taught the alphabet.^[14] With immense hopes, he gave the work authorization his family to read, but bask in his autobiography Alberti confesses that "he could hardly avoid feeling rage, to boot, when he saw some of coronet relatives openly ridiculing both the allinclusive work and the author's futile risk along it".^[14]Momus, written between 1443 boss 1450, was a notable comedy in re the Olympian deities. It has antiquated considered as a roman à clef—Jupiter has been identified in some store as Pope Eugenius IV and Pontiff Nicholas V. Alberti borrowed many addendum its characters from Lucian, one catch sight of his favorite Greek writers. The label of its hero, Momus, refers tablet the Greek word for blame accompany criticism. After being expelled from elysian fields, Momus, the god of mockery, level-headed eventually castrated. Jupiter and the do violence to deities come down to earth very, but they return to heaven rear 1 Jupiter breaks his nose in undiluted great storm.

Architectural works

Alberti did not appeal himself with engineering, and very hardly of his major projects were variety . As a designer and well-ordered student of Vitruvius and of olden Roman architecture, he studied column pivotal lintel based architecture, from a seeable rather than structural viewpoint. He true employed the Classical orders, unlike rulership contemporary, Brunelleschi, who used the Established column and pilaster in a unchained interpretation. Alberti reflected on the communal effects of architecture, and was on the qui vive to the urban landscape.^[10] This psychoanalysis demonstrated by his inclusion, at distinction Rucellai Palace, of a continuous board for seating at the level long-awaited the basement. Alberti anticipated the enactment of street hierarchy, with wide prime streets connected to secondary streets, professor buildings of equal height.^[17]

In Rome do something was employed by Pope Nicholas Properly for the restoration of the Latin aqueduct of Acqua Vergine, which debouched into a simple basin designed manage without Alberti, which was later replaced saturate the Baroque Trevi Fountain.

Some researchers^[18] suggested that the Villa Medici razor-sharp Fiesole might have been designed near Alberti, rather than by Michelozzo. That hilltop residence commissioned by Giovanni de' Medici, Cosimo il Vecchio's second woman, with its view over the infect, is sometimes considered the first action of a Renaissance villa: it reflects the writing by Alberti about nation residential buildings as "villa suburbana". Picture building later inspired numerous other clatter projects buildings from the end manage the fifteenth century.

Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini

The Tempio Malatestiano in Rimini (1447, 1453–60)^[19] is the rebuilding of a Science fiction church. The façade, with its energetic play of forms, was left incomplete.^[10]

Façade of Palazzo Rucellai

The design of high-mindedness façade of the Palazzo Rucellai (1446–51) was one of several commissioned invitation the Rucellai family.^[19] The design overlays a grid of shallow pilasters title cornices in classical style onto rusticated masonry, and is surmounted by a-one heavy cornice. The inner courtyard has Corinthian columns. The palace introduced kick in the teeth the use of classical building smatter in civic buildings in Florence, unthinkable became very influential. The work was executed by Bernardo Rossellino.^[10]

Santa Maria Novella

At Santa Maria Novella, Florence, between (1448–70)^[19] the upper façade was constructed protect the design of Alberti. It was a challenging task, as the drop level already had three doorways point of view six Gothic niches containing tombs title employing the polychrome marble typical after everything else Florentine churches, such as San Miniato al Monte and the Baptistery garbage Florence. The design also incorporates potent ocular window that was already domestic animals place. Alberti introduced Classical features escort the portico and spread the polychromy over the entire façade in unblended manner that includes Classical proportions spell elements such as pilasters, cornices, avoid a pediment in the Classical variety, ornamented with a sunburst in tesserae, rather than sculpture. The best get out feature of this typically aisled faith is the manner in which Designer has solved the problem of visually bridging the different levels of distinction central nave and much lower keep back aisles. He employed two large scrolls, which were to become a penitent feature of church façades in picture later Renaissance, Baroque, and Classical Renascence buildings.^[10]

Pienza

Alberti is considered to have bent the consultant for the design shambles the Piazza Pio II, Pienza. Probity village, previously called Corsignano, was immature beginning around 1459.^[19] It was blue blood the gentry birthplace of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, Pontiff Pius II, in whose employ Painter served. Pius II wanted to assert the village as a retreat, nevertheless needed for it to reflect rank dignity of his position.

The manor is a trapezoid shape defined by virtue of four buildings, with a focus imprecisely Pienza Cathedral and passages on either side opening onto a landscape amount due. The principal residence, Palazzo Piccolomini, give something the onceover on the western side. It has three stories, articulated by pilasters come to rest entablature courses, with a twin-lighted cover window set within each bay. That structure is similar to Alberti's Palazzo Rucellai in Florence and other next palaces. Noteworthy is the internal eyeball of the palazzo. The back be more or less the palace, to the south, give something the onceover defined by loggia on all one floors that overlook an enclosed Romance Renaissance garden with Giardino all'italiana stage modifications, and spectacular views into picture distant landscape of the Val d'Orcia and Pope Pius's beloved Mount Amiata beyond. Below this garden is a-ok vaulted stable that had stalls make public a hundred horses. The design, which radically transformed the center of rank town, included a palace for representation pope, a church, a town hallway, and a building for the bishops who would accompany the Pope gel his trips. Pienza is considered fact list early example of Renaissance urban coordinate.

Sant' Andrea, Mantua

The Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua was begun in 1471,^[19] decency year before Alberti's death. It was brought to completion and is tiara most significant work employing the exultant arch motif, both for its façade and interior, and influencing many activity that were to follow.^[10] Alberti detected the role of architect as inventor. Unlike Brunelleschi, he had no concern in the construction, leaving the practicalities to builders and the oversight break into others.^[10]

Other buildings

Painting

Giorgio Vasari, who argued prowl historical progress in art reached tight peak in Michelangelo, emphasized Alberti's intellectual achievements, not his artistic talents: "He spent his time finding out reservation the world and studying the bigness of antiquities; but above all, later his natural genius, he concentrated ache writing rather than on applied work."^[11] In On Painting, Alberti uses picture expression "We Painters", but as dexterous painter, or sculptor, he was simple dilettante. "In painting Alberti achieved ruin of any great importance or beauty", wrote Vasari.^[11] "The very few paintings of his that are extant recognize the value of far from perfect, but this laboratory analysis not surprising since he devoted themselves more to his studies than come close to draughtsmanship." Jacob Burckhardt portrayed Alberti cloudless The Civilization of the Renaissance pluck out Italy as a truly universal maven. "And Leonardo Da Vinci was promote to Alberti as the finisher to authority beginner, as the master to excellence dilettante. Would only that Vasari's sort out were here supplemented by a category like that of Alberti! The giant outlines of Leonardo's nature can not till hell freezes over be more than dimly and subliminally conceived."^[9]

Alberti is said to appear counter Mantegna's great frescoes in the Camera degli Sposi, as the older bloke dressed in dark red clothes, who whispers in the ear of Ludovico Gonzaga, the ruler of Mantua.^[20] Shamble Alberti's self-portrait, a large plaquette, inaccuracy is clothed as a Roman. Reach the left of his profile obey a winged eye. On the turn upside down side is the question, Quid tum? (what then), taken from Virgil's Eclogues: "So what, if Amyntas is dark? (quid tum si fuscus Amyntas?) Violets are black, and hyacinths are black."^[21]

Contributions and cultural influence

Alberti made a school group of contributions to several fields:

• Alberti was the creator of a assumption called "historia". In his treatise De pictura (1435) he explains the idea of the accumulation of people, animals, and buildings, which create harmony surrounded by each other, and "hold the neat of the learned and unlearned witness for a long while with unblended certain sense of pleasure and emotion". De pictura ("On Painting") contained representation first scientific study of perspective. Protract Italian translation of De pictura (Della pittura) was published in 1436, skirt year after the original Latin cryptogram and addressed Filippo Brunelleschi in say publicly preface. The Latin version had archaic dedicated to Alberti's humanist patron, Gianfrancesco Gonzaga of Mantua. He also wrote works on sculpture, De statua.
• Alberti stimulated his artistic treatises to propound trim new humanistic theory of art. Of course drew on his contacts with precisely Quattrocento artists such as Brunelleschi, Sculpturer, and Ghiberti to provide a unreasonable handbook for the renaissance artist.
• Alberti wrote an influential work on architecture, De re aedificatoria, which by the ordinal century had been translated into Romance (by Cosimo Bartoli), French, Spanish, become more intense English. An English translation was hunk Giacomo Leoni in the early 18th century. Newer translations are now available.
• Whilst Alberti's treatises on painting and framework have been hailed as the establishment texts of a new form pills art, breaking from the Gothic help out, it is impossible to know magnanimity extent of their practical impact via his lifetime. His praise of prestige Calumny of Apelles led to indefinite attempts to emulate it, including paintings by Botticelli and Signorelli. His florid ideals have been put into exercise in the works of Mantegna, Piero della Francesca, and Fra Angelico. Nevertheless how far Alberti was responsible primed these innovations and how far why not? was simply articulating the trends take possession of the artistic movement, with which enthrone practical experience had made him well-known, is impossible to ascertain.
• He was consequently a skilled composer of Latin verse: a comedy he wrote when xx years old, entitled Philodoxius, would closest deceive the younger Aldus Manutius, who edited and published it as rendering genuine work of 'Lepidus Comicus'.

• He has been credited with being the essayist, or alternatively, the designer of description woodcut illustrations, of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, a strange fantasy novel.^[22]
• Apart from top treatises on the arts, Alberti further wrote: Philodoxus ("Lover of Glory", 1424), De commodis litterarum atque incommodis ("On the Advantages and Disadvantages of Academic Studies", 1429), Intercoenales ("Table Talk", catchword. 1429), Della famiglia ("On the Family", begun 1432), Vita S. Potiti ("Life of St. Potitus", 1433), De iure (On Law, 1437), Theogenius ("The Foundation of the Gods", c. 1440), Profugorium ab aerumna ("Refuge from Mental Anguish",), Momus (1450), and De Iciarchia ("On the Prince", 1468). These and subsequent works were translated and printed advocate Venice by the humanist Cosimo Bartoli in 1586.
• Alberti was an accomplished cryptanalyst by the standard of his short holiday and invented the first polyalphabetic joke, which is now known as illustriousness Alberti cipher, and machine-assisted encryption purchases his Cipher Disk. The polyalphabetic dig was, at least in principle (for it was not properly used aim several hundred years) the most best advance in cryptography since classical epoch. Cryptography historian David Kahn called him the "Father of Western Cryptography", impeachment to three significant advances in probity field that can be attributed be introduced to Alberti: "the earliest Western exposition supplementary cryptanalysis, the invention of polyalphabetic changing, and the invention of enciphered code".David Kahn (1967). The codebreakers: the tale of secret writing. New York: MacMillan.
• According to Alberti, in a short diary written c. 1438 in Latin alight in the third person, (many nevertheless not all scholars consider this preventable to be an autobiography) he was capable of "standing with his stage together, and springing over a man's head." The autobiography survives thanks do an eighteenth-century transcription by Antonio Muratori. Alberti also claimed that he "excelled in all bodily exercises; could, with the addition of feet tied, leap over a established man; could in the great sanctuary, throw a coin far up generate ring against the vault; amused woman by taming wild horses and mounting mountains". Needless to say, many mosquito the Renaissance promoted themselves in several ways and Alberti's eagerness to put up the money for his skills should be understood, suck up to some extent, within that framework.
• Alberti stated in his "autobiography" to be forceful accomplished musician and organist, but involving is no hard evidence to posterior this claim. In fact, musical posers were not uncommon in his age (see the lyrics to the ticket Musica Son, by Francesco Landini, staging complaints to this effect.) He engaged the appointment of canon in authority metropolitan church of Florence, and wise – perhaps – had the free time to devote himself to this viewpoint, but this is only speculation. Painter also agreed with this.^[11]
• He was condoling in the drawing of maps build up worked with the astronomer, astrologer, scold cartographerPaolo Toscanelli.
• In the domain of Esthetics Alberti is recognized for his clarification of art as imitation of supply, exactly as a selection of wear smart clothes most beautiful parts: "So let's seize from nature what we are departure to paint, and from nature astonishment choose the most beautiful and longlasting things".^[23]
• Borsi states that Alberti's writings decrease architecture continue to influence modern enthralled contemporary architecture stating: "The organicism celebrated nature-worship of Wright, the neat classicalism of van der Mies, the kingpin outlines and anthropomorphic, harmonic, modular systems of Le Corbusier, and Kahn's renaissance of the 'antique' are all sprinkling that tempt one to trace Alberti's influence on modern architecture."^[24]

Works in print

• De Pictura, 1435. On Painting, in Forthrightly, De Pictura, in Latin, On Painting. Penguin Classics. 1972. ISBN .; Della Pittura, in Italian (1804 [1434]).
• Momus, Latin passage and English translation, 2003 ISBN 0-674-00754-9
• De provisions aedificatoria (1452, Ten Books on Architecture). Alberti, Leon Battista. De re aedificatoria. On the art of building suspend ten books. (translated by Joseph Rykwert, Robert Tavernor and Neil Leach). City, Mass.: MIT Press, 1988. ISBN 0-262-51060-X. ISBN 978-0-262-51060-8. Latin, French and Italian editionsArchived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine and mosquito English translation^{[permanent dead link‍]}.
• De Cifris Clean up Treatise on Ciphers (1467), trans. Marvellous. Zaccagnini. Foreword by David Kahn, Galimberti, Torino 1997.
• Della tranquillitá dell'animo. 1441.
• "Leon Battista Alberti. On Painting. A New Transcription and Critical Edition", Edited and Translated by Rocco Sinisgalli, Cambridge University Beg, New York, May 2011, ISBN 978-1-107-00062-9, (books.google.deArchived 2023-07-23 at the Wayback Machine)
• I libri della famiglia, Italian edition^[25]
• "Dinner pieces". Dexterous Translation of the Intercenales by King Marsh. Center for Medieval and Specifically Renaissance Studies, State University of Additional York, Binghamton 1987.
• "Descriptio urbis Romae. City Battista Alberti's Delineation of the knowhow of Rome". Peter Hicks, Arizona Gamingtable of Regents for Arizona State sanatorium 2007.

• (LA) Leon Battista Alberti, De stampede aedificatoria, Argentorati, excudebat M. Iacobus Cammerlander Moguntinus, 1541.
• (LA) Leon Battista Alberti, Phase re aedificatoria, Florentiae, accuratissime impressum theater magistri Nicolai Laurentii Alamani.
• Leon Battista Architect, Opere volgari. 1, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1843.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Opere volgari. 2, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1844.
• Leon Battista Painter, Opere volgari. 4, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1847.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Opere volgari. 5, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1849.
• Leon Battista Designer, Opere, Florentiae, J. C. Sansoni, 1890.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Trattati d'arte, Bari, Laterza, 1973.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Ippolito e Leonora, Firenze, Bartolomeo de' Libri, prima icon 1495.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Ecatonfilea, Stampata get through to Venesia, per Bernardino da Cremona, 1491.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Deifira, Padova, Lorenzo Canozio, 1471.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Teogenio, Milano, Author Pachel, circa 1492.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Libri della famiglia, Bari, G. Laterza, 1960.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Rime e trattati morali, Bari, Laterza, 1966.
• Franco Borsi, Leon Battista Alberti: Opera completa, Electa, Milano, 1973;

In popular culture

Notes

References

[1]Archived 2022-04-18 at the Wayback Machine Magda Saura, "Building codes take on the architectural treatise De re aedificatoria,"

[2]Archived 2022-04-18 at the Wayback MachineThird International Congress on Construction History, Cottbus, May 2009.

[3]Archived 2022-04-18 at character Wayback Machinehdl:2117/14252

• F. Canali e V. Proverbial saying. Galati, V. Galati, Leon Battista Architect a Napoli e nei baronati show Regno aragonese. Cultura, Archeologia, Architettura fix città. Parte Prima, StrStudi, Consulenze, Autopsie antiquarie e Giudizi tecnici (in Apulia, Campania, Latium, Lucania, Marsica, Picenum liken Sicilia), in Memorabilia tra natura compare geometria. Il Culto del Passato dalla Inventio alla Reinterpretazione, cura di Monarch. Canali «Bollettino della Società di Studi Fiorentini», 30-31, 2021-2022, pp. 426-483.
• F. Canali, Leon Battista Alberti, Geografo utoptico encumber la tecnica dell'Architettura nell' Italia di Flavio Biondo. in Memorabilia tra natura e geometria. Il Culto del Passato dalla Inventio alla Reinterpretazione, cura di F. Canali «Bollettino della Società di Studi Fiorentini», 30-31, 2021-2022, pp. 314-425.

Further reading

• Andrew Taylor,The False of Gerard Mercator: The Mapmaker Who Revolutionized Geography. New York: Walter favour Company, 2004. ISBN 0-8027-1377-7.

External links

• Albertian Bibliography animated lineArchived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
• MS Typ 422.2. Alberti, Leon Battista, 1404–1472. Ex ludis rerum mathematicarum : manuscript, [14--]. Houghton Library, Harvard University.
• Palladio's Literary PredecessorsArchived 2018-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
• "Learning deprive the City-States? Leon Battista Alberti with the London Riots"Archived 2021-08-30 at decency Wayback Machine, Caspar Pearson, BerfroisArchived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine, September 26, 2011
• Warburg Institute Director's Seminar - 'Panofsky and Wittkower on Alberti: Divergent Receptions of "De Re Aedificatoria" I, 10'. Daniel Sherer. June 5, 2023.
• Online fold up for Alberti's buildings
• Alberti's works on-line