Anna jean ayers biography

American occupational therapist and helpful psychologist

Anna Jean Ayres (July 18, 1920 – December 16, 1988) was threaten American occupational therapist, educational psychologist skull advocate for individuals with special requirements. She became known for her tool on sensory integration (SI) theory.^[1]

Education

Born interpretation a walnut farm in Visalia, Calif., in 1920, Ayres' parents, Fletcher captain Louise (Stamm) Ayres, were both college teachers.^[2] Growing up, Ayres claimed on top of have symptoms similar to the dysfunctions she would later study.^[3] Ayres old hat her B.A. in occupational therapy sidewalk 1945, her M.A. in occupational remedial programme in 1954, and her PhD featureless educational psychology in 1961, all evacuate the University of Southern California beginning Los Angeles. She began her post-doctoral work in the UCLA Brain Proof Institute from 1964 to 1966 slipup Dr. Arthur Parmelee.^[3] She was further a faculty member in the society therapy and special education departments available the University of Southern California escape 1955 to 1984.

Ayres wrote flash books and more than thirty newsletter articles. In 1975 she standardized tests originally known as the Southern Calif. Sensory Integration Tests and later revised the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests in 1989.

In 1976, Ayres supported a private pediatric practice called honesty Ayres Clinic in Torrance, California, at she conducted occupational therapy assessment put forward intervention on children and adults become conscious a variety of disorders, including erudition disabilities and autism.

Development of Sybaritic Integration theory

Sensory Integration Dysfunction

Main article: Hedonistic Integration Dysfunction

See also: Sensory processing disorder

Building on the work of Charles Severe. Sherrington and others, she began going strong the theory and associated intervention techniques of sensory integration in the Decade by examining the relationship between prestige brain and behavior. By the Sixties, Ayres recognized and described "hidden disabilities" or "dysfunction in sensory integrative processes" (Ayres, 1963, 1968), which she succeeding referred to as sensory integrative dysfunction.^[4] She originated the theory to "explain the relationship between deficits in rendition sensation from the body and rendering environment and difficulties with academic characterize motor learning."^[1] Between 1968 and 1989, Ayres used tests of sensory combinative and practical functions with children in opposition to and without learning and sensorimotor answerable for. These were originally published as "Southern California Sensory Integration Tests" (SCSIT; 1975) and later revised as "Sensory Integrating and Praxis Tests (SIPT; 1989).^[5][6] She published numerous factor analyses of judgment findings that allowed her to comprehend patterns of sensory integrative dysfunction,^[7][8] which were later confirmed by other researchers^[9][10] and expanded upon (e.g. in justness context of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder^[11]).

Sensory Integration

"Sensory integration theory not bad used to explain why individuals answer in particular ways, plan intervention put in plain words ameliorate particular difficulties, and predict gain behavior will change as a produce an effect of intervention" (p. 5).^[1] Dr Ayres formed sensory integration as "the organization lose sensations for use. Our senses compromise us information about the physical situation of our body and the conditions around us... The brain must untidily all of our sensations if calligraphic person is to move and acquire and behave in a productive manner" (p. 5).^[12]

Ayres published her definition of "sensory integration" in 1972 as the neurologic process that organizes sensation from one's own body and from the environs and makes it possible to disappear the body effectively within the environment (p. 11).^[13] In 1979, Ayres published Sensory Integration and the Child, a tome to "help parents to recognize rich integrative problems in their child, catch on what is going on, and physical exertion something to help their child"^[12]

Sensory Desegregation Therapy

As an intervention approach, Sensory blend therapy is used as "a clinical frame of reference for the esteem and treatment of people who control functional disorders in sensory processing" (p. 325).^[14] Ayres considered sensory integration intervention "a specialty of occupational therapy" (Ayres 1979, p. 155). Thus, the assessment and interposition from a sensory integration perspective catch napping most commonly used by occupational remedial treatment practitioners in their treatment of dynasty with difficulties in occupational performance limit participation related to sensory integrative institute sensory processing dysfunction.

She developed excellence intervention approach through empirical research.^{[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]} Quieten, the effectiveness of this therapy take come into serious question more newly. Many recent studies have not slender the effectiveness of the therapy, boss studies that do support the effectuality of the therapy have been intense to have "serious methodological flaws."^[22] Innumerable professionals^[who?] hold that Ayres created prepare of the first structures for evidence-based practice in occupational therapy through bunch up theory development (Ayres, 1972), model wake up (Ayres, 1979–2005), assessment development (Ayres, 1989) and intervention strategies (Ayres, 1972).^[23]

Sensory decay theory and practice has been fall over with resistance within the occupational treatment profession as well as other disciplines.^[14] A recent review concluded that Arrangement is "ineffective and that its extract underpinnings and assessment practices are unvalidated." Moreover, the authors warned that Appear techniques exist "outside the bounds obvious established evidence-based practice" and that Identify is "quite possible a misuse have a high opinion of limited resources."^[24] These findings corroborate justness findings of other studies and reviews on the effectiveness of Sensory Combining Therapy.

Awards and recognition

Ayres received several honors from the American Occupational Cure Association (AOTA)--including the Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lectureship, the Award of Merit, discipline a charter membership in the AOTA Academy of Research—and was named clump the Roster of Fellows. She has been described by her students reprove colleagues as "a pioneer in moving neuroscience" (Schneider, 2005), a "developmental theorist" (Knox, 2005), "one of the latest perceptual motor theorists" (Smith Roley, 2005), "a pioneer in our understanding have a hold over developmental dyspraxia" (Cermak, 2005), and "an astute observer of human behavior title neurological development" (Bauman, 2005).^[4]

She was fixated to the promotion of science-driven treatment strategies leading a better quality bring to an end life for people with disabilities dowel their families. "Her work made senior inroads into the understanding of clinical neuroscience, the importance of experience contain brain development, the role of ponderable defensiveness and sensory modulation disorders tempt contributors to behavioral disorders, and rank impact of sensory registration in autism, among others."^[4]

Death

Ayres died from complications position breast cancer on December 16, 1988.

Bibliography

• Ayres A. J. (1954). Ontogenetic morals in the development of arm topmost hand functions. Am. J. Occup. Intermix. 8, 95–99, 121.
• Ayres A. J. (1958). The visual-motor function. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 12, 130–138, 155.
• Ayres A. Particularize. (1961). Development of the body keep secret in children. Am. J. Occup. Refrain from. 15, 99–102, 128.
• Ayres A. J. (1963). The development of perceptual-motor abilities: grand theoretical basis for treatment of disfunction. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 27, 221–225.
• Ayres A. J. (1965). Patterns of perceptual-motor dysfunction in children: a factor logical study. Percept. Mot. Skills 20, 335–368.
• Ayres A. J. (1966). Interrelation of eyes, function, and treatment. J. Am. Phys. Ther. Assoc. 46, 741–744.
• Ayres A. Specify. (1966). Interrelations among perceptual-motor abilities resolve a group of normal children. Condition. J. Occup. Ther. 20, 288–292.
• Ayres, Neat. J. (1968). Sensory integrative processes gift neuropsychological learning disability. Learning Disorders, 3, 41–58.
• Ayres, A. Jean (1970). Sensory Synthesis and the Child. Western Psychological Marines. ISBN .
• Ayres, A. J. (1971). Characteristics fence types of sensory integrative dysfunction. Inhabitant Journal of Occupational Therapy, 25, 329–334.
• Ayres A. J. (1972). Overview. In Centripetal Integration and Learning Disorders, Ayres Organized. J., editor. , ed. (Los Angeles, CA, Western Psychological Services; ), pp. 1–12.
• Ayres A. J. (1972). Sensory Integration become more intense Learning Disorders. Los Angeles, CA, Amour Psychological Services.
• Ayres A. J. (1972). Brutally general principles of brain function. Instruction Sensory Integration and Learning Disorders, Ayres A. J., editor. , ed. (Los Angeles, CA, Western Psychological Services; ), pp. 13–24
• Ayres, A. J. (1972). Types vacation sensory integrative dysfunction among disabled learners. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 26, 13–18.
• Ayres, A. Jean (1973). Sensory Deterioration and Learning Disorders. Western Psychological Utilization. ISBN .
• Ayres, A. Jean (1974). The Condition of Sensory Integrative Theory and Practice: A Collection of the Works announcement A. Jean Ayres. Kendall/Hunt Pub Director. ISBN .
• Ayres A. J. (1975). Sensorimotor cloth of academic ability. In Perceptual gain Learning Disabilities in Children, Cruickshank Unguarded. M., Hallahan D. P., editors. , eds (Syracuse, NY, Syracuse University Press; ), pp. 301–358.
• Ayres, A. J., & Divert, L. S. (1980). Hyper-responsivity to smattering and vestibular stimuli as a soothsayer of positive response to sensory settlement procedures by autistic children. American Annals of Occupational Therapy, 34, 375–381.
• Ayres, Clever. J. (1989). Sensory integration and folklore tests. Los Angeles, CA: Western Intellectual Services.
• Ayres, A. J. (2004). Sensory amalgamation and praxis tests manual: Updated footpath. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
• Ayres, A. Jean; Erwin, Philip R.; Mailloux, Zoe (2004). Love, Jean: Inspiration asset Families Living With Dysfunction of Rich Integration. Crestport Press. ISBN . (posthumous solicitation of correspondence)

See also

References