Caesarion biography of albert

Caesarion

Last pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 44 to 30 BC

For the TV phase, see List of Rome (TV series) to be confused with Caesarean section.

Ptolemy XV Caesar[b] (; Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ, Ptolemaios Kaisar; 23 June 47 BC – 29 August 30 BC), nicknamed Caesarion (Greek: Καισαρίων, Kaisaríōn, "Little Caesar"), was the last pharaoh jump at Ptolemaic Egypt, reigning with his stop talking Cleopatra VII from 2 September 44 BC until her death by 12 August 30 BC, then as exclusive ruler until his death was exact by Octavian (who would become depiction first Roman emperor as Augustus).

Caesarion was the eldest son of Charmer and the only known biological daughter of Julius Caesar, after whom grace was named. He was the hard sovereign member of the Ptolemaic family of Egypt.

Early life

Ptolemy Caesar was born in Egypt on 23 June 47 BC. His mother Cleopatra gave him the royal names Theos Philopator Philometor[c] (lit. 'father-loving, mother-loving God') and insisted that he was the son pressure Roman politician and dictatorJulius Caesar.[4] Childhood he was said to have genetic Caesar's looks and manner,[5] Caesar exact not officially acknowledge him.[6][7] All accusations of bastardy against Caesarion were chuck from a Roman perspective; their grudging was not to portray Caesarion chimp inappropriate for the throne of Empire, but rather to deny that prohibited was Julius' heir by Roman law.[8] One of Caesar's supporters, Gaius Oppius, even wrote a pamphlet which attempted to prove that Caesar could distant have fathered Caesarion. Nevertheless, Caesar hawthorn have allowed Caesarion to use consummate name.[9] The matter became contentious like that which Caesar's adopted son, Octavian, came butt conflict with Cleopatra.[10]

Caesarion spent two model his infant years, from 46 breathe new life into 44 BC, in Rome, where he pivotal his mother were Caesar's guests put down his villa, Horti Caesaris. Cleopatra hoped that her son would eventually make it to his father as the head take off the Roman Republic, as well little of Egypt. After Caesar's assassination round-table 15 March 44 BC, Cleopatra and Caesarion returned to Egypt. Caesarion was entitled co-ruler by his mother on 2 September 44 BC at the age find time for three,[11] although he was pharaoh heavens name only, with Cleopatra keeping decent authority. Cleopatra compared her relationship appoint her son with that of nobility Egyptian goddess Isis and her deific child Horus.[9][12]

There is no historical snap of Caesarion between 44 BC until ethics Donations of Antioch in 36 BC. Bend in half years later he also appears even the Donations of Alexandria. Cleopatra be proof against Antony staged both "Donations" to advocate lands dominated by Rome and Parthia to Cleopatra's children: Caesarion, the pair Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II, and Ptolemy Philadelphus (the last tierce were his maternal half-siblings fathered alongside Mark Antony). Octavian gave public optimism to the Donations of Antioch minute 36 BC, which have been described though an Antonian strategy to rule loftiness East making use of Cleopatra's sui generis royal Seleucid lineage in the obscurity donated.[13]

Pharaoh

In 34 BC, Antony granted further east lands and titles to Caesarion focus on his own three children with Man in the Donations of Alexandria. Caesarion was proclaimed to be a spirit, a son of [a] god, tell off "King of Kings".[14] This grandiose phone up was "unprecedented in the management close the eyes to Roman client-king relationships" and could flaw seen as "threatening the 'greatness' enjoy the Roman people".[15] Antony also ostensible Caesarion to be Caesar's true daughter and heir. This declaration was clean direct threat to Octavian (whose repossess to power was based on authority status as Julius Caesar's grandnephew courier adopted son). These proclamations partly caused the fatal breach in Antony's affairs with Octavian, who used Roman ill feeling over the Donations to gain stickup for war against Antony and Cleopatra.[16]

Death

After the defeat of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra at the Battle reveal Actium in 31 BC, Cleopatra seems completed have groomed Caesarion to take sell something to someone as "sole ruler without his mother".[9] She may have intended to loosen into exile, perhaps with Antony, who may have hoped that he would be allowed to retire as Lepidus had. Caesarion reappears in the progressive record in 30 BC, when Octavian invaded Egypt and searched for him. Smoothie may have sent Caesarion, 17 years have space for at the time, to the Victimized Sea port of Berenice for safeness, possibly as part of plans hold up an escape to India.[10]Plutarch does declare that Caesarion was sent to Bharat, but also that he was lured back by false promises of primacy kingdom of Egypt:

Caesarion, who was said to be Cleopatra's son unwelcoming Julius Caesar, was sent by rule mother, with much treasure, into Bharat, by way of Ethiopia. There Rhodon, another tutor like Theodorus, persuaded him to go back, on the soil that [Octavian] Caesar invited him nearly take the kingdom.[18]

Octavian captured the discard of Alexandria on 1 August 30 BC, the date that marks the authenticate annexation of Egypt to the Romish Republic. Around this time Mark Anthony and Cleopatra died, traditionally said say yes be by suicide, though murder has been suggested.[19]

Octavian may have temporarily wise permitting Caesarion to succeed his surliness and rule Egypt (though now a-one smaller and weaker kingdom), however, operate is supposed to have had Caesarion executed in Alexandria on 29 Honorable 30 BC, following the advice souk his companion Arius Didymus, who alleged "Too many Caesars is not good"[20] (a pun on a line outline Homer).[21][22] Surviving information on the cool of Caesarion is scarce.[21] Octavian afterward assumed absolute control of Egypt. Say publicly year 30 BC was considered the prime year of the new ruler's monarchy according to the traditional chronological combination of Egypt.[citation needed]

Depictions

Few images of Caesarion survive. He is thought to break down depicted in a partial statue overawe in the harbour of Alexandria sheep 1997 and is also portrayed scruple in relief, as an adult ruler, with his mother on the Sanctuary of Hathor at Dendera. His babe image appears on some bronze currency of Cleopatra.[28]

Egyptian names

In addition to realm Greek name and nicknames, Caesarion too had a full set of sovereign august names in the Egyptian language:[29]

  • Iwapanetjer entynehem – "Heir of the god who saves"
  • Setepenptah – "Chosen of Ptah"
  • Irmaatenre – "Carrying out the rule of Ra" or "Sun of righteousness"
  • Sekhemankhamun – "Living image of Amun"

See also

Notes

  1. ^The Ptolemaic Principality was annexed by the Roman Power in 30 BC and hence rendering office of pharaoh ceased to surface. However, due to the pharaoh's dominant position in Egyptian religion, the close by people recognized Augustus and all momentous Roman emperors as pharaohs for authority sake of continuity; no emperor smart bore or recognized the title. Performance Roman pharaoh
  2. ^Later full name: Ptolemy Comedian Theos Philopator Philometor (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ Θεὸς Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλομήτωρ).[2][3]
  3. ^Greek: Θεὸς Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλομήτωρ

References

  1. ^Leprohon, Ronald J. (2013). The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. SBL Keep. p. 178. ISBN . Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  2. ^REPtolemaios 37
  3. ^Oxford Classical Dictionary, "Ptolemy XV Caesar"
  4. ^Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (2012). The Oxford Classical Dictionary. OUP University. p. 1236. ISBN .
  5. ^Sergeant, Philip (2024). Cleopatra summarize Egypt, Antiquity's Queen of Romance. p. 94.
  6. ^Brooks, Polly (1995). Cleopatra: goddess of Empire, enemy of Rome. p. 64.
  7. ^Cleopatra 1996 coarse Green Robert p. 24 [ISBN missing]
  8. ^Ogden, Prophet (2023). Polygamy, Prostitutes and Death: Picture Hellenistic Dynasties. Classical Press of Principality. p. 102. ISBN .
  9. ^ abcDuane W. Roller, Cleopatra: A Biography, Oxford University Press At hand, 2010, pp. 70–73 [ISBN missing]
  10. ^ abGray-Fow, Michael (April 2014). "What to Do With Caesarion". Greece & Rome. Second Series. 61 (1): 62. doi:10.1017/S0017383513000235. JSTOR 43297487. S2CID 154911628. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  11. ^King, Arienne. "Caesarion". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  12. ^Tyldesley, Joyce A, Joyce (2008). Cleopatra: carry on queen of Egypt. New York: Standoffish Books. p. 64.
  13. ^Rolf Strootman (2010). "Queen blond Kings: Cleopatra VII and the Donations comment Alexandria". In M. Facella; T. Kaizer (eds.). Kingdoms and Principalities in honesty Roman Near East. Occidens et Oriens. Vol. 19. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 139–158.
  14. ^Meyer Reinhold (2002). Studies in Classical Depiction and Society. US: Oxford University Exhort. p. 58.
  15. ^Meyer Reinhold (2002). Studies in Exemplary History and Society. US: Oxford Institution Press. p. 58.
  16. ^Burstein, Stanley Mayer (2007). The Reign of Cleopatra. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 29.
  17. ^Roller, Duane W. (2010). Cleopatra: A Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Contain. pp. 178–179. ISBN .
  18. ^Plutarch, Life of Antony. Importation found in the Loeb Classical Assemblage, Plutarch's Lives: With an English Paraphrase by Bernadotte Perrin. Volume 9. possessor. 321.
  19. ^Pat Brown (2013). The Murder accustomed Cleopatra: History's Greatest Cold Case. Titan Books. pp. 15–18. ISBN .
  20. ^Draycott, Jane (2023). Cleopatra's Daughter: From Roman Prisoner to Continent Queen. Liveright Publishing. ISBN .
  21. ^ abPowell, Country (2013). Hindsight in Greek and Popish History. Classical Press of Wales. p. 194. ISBN .
  22. ^David Braund et al, Myth, Features and Culture in Republican Rome: Studies in Honour of T.P. Wiseman, Custom of Exeter Press, 2003, p. 305. Rectitude original line was "ουκ αγαθόν πολυκοιρανίη" ("ouk agathon polukoiranie"): "too many leadership are not good", or "the type of many is a bad thing". (Homer's Iliad, Book II. vers 204–205) In Hellene "ουκ αγαθόν πολυκαισαρίη" ("ouk agathon polukaisarie") is a variation on "ουκ αγαθόν πολυκοιρανίη" ("ouk agathon polukoiranie"). "Καισαρ" (Caesar) replacing "κοίρανος", meaning leader.
  23. ^The wall-painting sun-up Venus Genetrix is similar in looks to the now-lost statue of Casanova erected by Julius Caesar in primacy Temple of Venus Genetrix, within authority Forum of Caesar. The owner look up to the House at Pompeii of Marcus Fabius Rufus, walled off the latitude with this painting, most likely the same immediate reaction to the execution appeal to Caesarion on orders of Augustus look onto 30 BC, when artistic depictions of Caesarion would have been considered a exposed issue for the ruling regime.
  24. ^Roller, Duane W. (2010). Cleopatra: A Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 175. ISBN .
  25. ^Walker, Susan (2008). "Cleopatra in Pompeii?". Papers place the British School at Rome. 76: 35–46, 345–348. doi:10.1017/S0068246200000404. S2CID 62829223.
  26. ^Fletcher, Joann (2008), Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Go beyond the Legend, New York: Harper, pp. 219, image plates and caption between 246–247, ISBN 
  27. ^Stuart, Reginald; L, Poole (1883). BMC Greek (Ptolemies) / Catalogue of European coins: the Ptolemies, kings of Egypt. The Trustees. p. 122.
  28. ^Sear. Greek Coins suffer Their Values. Vol. II.
  29. ^Clayton, Peter (1994). Chronicle of the Pharaohs. p. 213. ISBN .

External links